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access_the_batocera_via_ssh [2023/03/17 04:05] – [Basic file usage] Remove a truncated sentence, various cleanups and wording improvements maximumentropyaccess_the_batocera_via_ssh [2025/07/26 14:30] (current) – Note for SSH on non-Linux partitions lbrpdx
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 <WRAP center round tip> <WRAP center round tip>
-Copy and paste work differently in PuTTY than in many other Windows programs.  For a general introduction to PuTTY features including copy and paste, please refer to the [[https://the.earth.li/~sgtatham/putty/0.52/htmldoc/Chapter3.html#3.1.1|PuTTY documentation]]. +Copy and paste work differently in PuTTY than in many other Windows programs.  For a general introduction to PuTTY features including copy and paste, refer to the [[https://the.earth.li/~sgtatham/putty/0.52/htmldoc/Chapter3.html#3.1.1|PuTTY documentation]].
- +
 </WRAP> </WRAP>
  
 ==== Password-less authentication ==== ==== Password-less authentication ====
 +
 +=== From a remote machine to Batocera ===
  
 Batocera can remember the SSH client's key such that it no longer requires a password to type in. Batocera can remember the SSH client's key such that it no longer requires a password to type in.
 +
 +<WRAP center round important>
 +This section assumes that your Batocera user data partition is 
 +formatted Linux-native (ext4 by default, or btrfs). The //chmod// commands below won’t be applied correctly on FAT32 or NTFS partitions, and as a result passwordless SSH will fail.</WRAP>
  
   - On Batocera, run the following in terminal: <code bash>   - On Batocera, run the following in terminal: <code bash>
 +chown root:root / /userdata/ /userdata/system/
 +chmod 755 / /userdata/ /userdata/system/
 mkdir -p ~/.ssh mkdir -p ~/.ssh
 touch ~/.ssh/authorized_keys touch ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
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 chmod 600 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys chmod 600 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
 </code> </code>
-  - On the client computer (the one which logs into Batocera via SSH), generate its public keys (if not already done so) and add the public Batocera SSH keys to its SSH configuration.+  - On the client computer (the one which logs into Batocera via SSH), generate its SSH keypairs (if not already done so) and add the public Batocera SSH key to the Batocera SSH configuration as follows:
     * For most **Linux**-based distributions, run the following: <code bash>     * For most **Linux**-based distributions, run the following: <code bash>
 ssh-keygen ssh-keygen
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 That's it. You should be able now to SSH into your Batocera system from your SSH client without entering any password. That's it. You should be able now to SSH into your Batocera system from your SSH client without entering any password.
 +
 +<WRAP center round important>
 +Advanced users may be tempted to use ''ssh-copy-id'' to set up the ''authorized_keys'' file.  This will not work, due to limitations in the [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dropbear_(software)|Dropbear]] setup as implemented in Batocera.
 +</WRAP>
 +
 +=== From Batocera to a remote machine ===
 +
 +It is also possible to set up passwordless authentication the other way around: From Batocera to am remote machine. Since Batocera does use the //Dropbear// SSH service, the ''ssh-keygen'' command will not work to create a local SSH keypair. Instead, the following command will generate the according SSH keypairs: \\ ''dropbearkey -t rsa -f ~/.ssh/id_dropbear'' \\ Once done, the public SSH key will be shown on the command line window. In case you want to show the public SSH key later, do so by executing: \\ ''dropbearkey -y -f /userdata/system/.ssh/id_dropbear | grep '^ssh-rsa' > /userdata/system/.ssh/id_dropbear.pub''
 +
 +You can now copy the according public SSH key to your remote machine as already shown above, but the other way around of course.
  
 ===== Basic SSH commands ===== ===== Basic SSH commands =====
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 If a path, or a filename, contains special characters or spaces, you will need to put either single quotes ''%%'%%'' or double quotes ''%%"%%'' around it. If a path, or a filename, contains special characters or spaces, you will need to put either single quotes ''%%'%%'' or double quotes ''%%"%%'' around it.
  
-Most commands can be immediately halted with ''[Ctrl]''+''[C]''. Please note that doing this may corrupt data if that program is in the middle of editing a file.+Most commands can be immediately halted with ''[Ctrl]''+''[C]''. Note that doing this may corrupt data if that program is in the middle of editing a file.
  
 <WRAP center round tip> <WRAP center round tip>
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   * ''htop'' : basic task manager.   * ''htop'' : basic task manager.
   * ''pidof'' : gives a list of processes identifyiers (PID) for a running process name [**P**rocess **ID**entification **OF**], for example ''pidof retroarch'' returns a number when a retroarch-based emulator is running.   * ''pidof'' : gives a list of processes identifyiers (PID) for a running process name [**P**rocess **ID**entification **OF**], for example ''pidof retroarch'' returns a number when a retroarch-based emulator is running.
-  * ''kill [PID]'' : kills a process with a given PID, for example if ''pidof retroarch'' returned 640, then running ''kill 640'' would terminate the ''retroarch'' process.+  * ''kill [PID]'' : kills a process with a given PID, for example if ''pidof retroarch'' returned 640, then running ''kill 640'' would terminate the ''retroarch'' process. This command can also to be used to check if a process is alive with the ''-0'' flag. eg.''kill -0 640'' (FIXME what does this output?) 
 +  * ''pgrep'' : Works like the Unix ''grep'' command but instead of text and strings it works with processes. For example, ''pgrep emul*'' will obtain all PIDs of processes containing the string **emul**, such as ''emulationstation'' and its wrapper script. 
 +  * ''which'' : it is used to find the location of the executable file associated with the command. eg. ''which python'' shows the path of python binary.
  
 --> How to install btop on Batocera v33 and earlier# --> How to install btop on Batocera v33 and earlier#
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   --version  Shows current version of BATOCERA running   --version  Shows current version of BATOCERA running
   --update   Shows possible update for your install   --update   Shows possible update for your install
-      default: stable, you can type --update beta+      default: stable, you can type --update butterfly
  
   --overlay  will try to backup your overlay file   --overlay  will try to backup your overlay file
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 Overclocking your hardware could cause irreversible damage and/or erratic behavior, this is at your own risk. If any issues occur after setting this, this should be the first thing to be returned to default. Overclocking your hardware could cause irreversible damage and/or erratic behavior, this is at your own risk. If any issues occur after setting this, this should be the first thing to be returned to default.
 </WRAP> </WRAP>
-  * ''batocera sync list'' : list storage devices that are capable of being synced to +  * ''batocera-sync list'' : list storage devices that are capable of being synced to 
-  * ''batocera sync <storage UID>'' : uses rsync to sync the current userdata to the ''batocera/'' folder on the selected storage device (NTFS not supported, FAT systems don't support syncing Bluetooth settings)+  * ''batocera-sync <storage UID>'' : uses rsync to sync the current userdata to the ''batocera/'' folder on the selected storage device (NTFS not supported, FAT systems don't support syncing Bluetooth settings)
   * ''batocera-timezone get'' : show the current configured timezone   * ''batocera-timezone get'' : show the current configured timezone
   * ''batocera-timezone detect'' : attempt to automatically guess your timezone   * ''batocera-timezone detect'' : attempt to automatically guess your timezone
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